home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- <text id=93TT1843>
- <title>
- June 07, 1993: Reviews:Books
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Jun. 07, 1993 The Incredible Shrinking President
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- REVIEWS, Page 69
- Books
- Blaming the Victim
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By EUGENE LINDEN
- </p>
- <qt>
- <l>TITLE: At The Hand Of Man</l>
- <l>AUTHOR: Raymond Bonner</l>
- <l>PUBLISHER: Knopf; 322 Pages; $24</l>
- </qt>
- <p> THE BOTTOM LINE: A myopic, self-righteous take on the politics
- of ivory sheds little light on Africa's ecological tragedy.
- </p>
- <p> The villains of Raymond Bonner's confused rant about elephants
- in Africa are misguided animal-rights activists, well-born white
- conservationists and elephants. Elephants? Bonner's subtitle,
- Peril and Hope for Africa's Wildlife, constitutes false advertising
- since the book's sympathies lie with Africans who suffer at
- the hooves of elephants that trample crops, destroy property
- and kill natives. According to Bonner, elitist conservationists
- unleashed these malevolent beasts on hapless villagers when
- the World Wildlife Fund and the African Wildlife Foundation
- cynically pushed for an international ban on the sale of ivory
- in 1989 because it played well with sentimental American donors.
- </p>
- <p> A righteous populist, Bonner offers up a capsule sketch of awf
- founder Russell Train's distinguished lineage that seems to
- suggest racism as an explanation for Train's fears that the
- Africanization of wildlife staffs would spell disaster for the
- game. Bonner recounts a litany of condescending comments made
- about the Third World by upper-class Brits, including slighting
- remarks made by Prince Philip, an early supporter of wwf. In
- his centrifugal anger, however, Bonner never connects these
- fusillades into a coherent argument.
- </p>
- <p> The major point of At the Hand of Man is that conservation efforts
- must take account of human needs. He pres ents this as a novel
- idea, although the phrase "sustainable development" has been
- a mantra for international environmental organizations for two
- decades. Still, the best part of the book consists of case studies
- of imaginative projects in Namibia, Zimbabwe and Tanzania that
- create economic incentives for local people to protect wildlife.
- </p>
- <p> Unfortunately, these three countries plus South Africa and Kenya
- (which by now has been largely reduced to an unruly theme park)
- seem to represent all of Africa to Bonner. If he had looked
- beyond the English-speaking countries to Zaire and the other
- Francophone countries (where the conservationists, though often
- white, tend to be field scientists rather than clubby patricians),
- he would have seen that without the ivory ban, the slaughter
- of elephants would have virtually eliminated the mammal in huge
- tracts of Africa.
- </p>
- <p> Bonner might also have examined what happens to a forest when
- the elephants are gone: how some trees disappear while others
- close in, pinching off the network of trails used by other large
- mammals and reducing the amount of herbaceous vegetation growing
- on the ground that provides sustenance for lowland gorillas
- and other creatures. For millions of years, elephants have opened
- African forests, fostering conditions beneficial to other large
- mammals. Bonner, who tends to view elephants solely as a resource
- for humans to use, never raises the question of whether Africa's
- ecosystems can survive without this animal that once so dominated
- the landscape.
- </p>
- <p> After writing for 285 pages about the evils of the ivory ban,
- Bonner, in his epilogue, finally acknowledges the ethical considerations
- that make conservation choices in Africa so agonizing. "I could
- accept the ivory ban," he writes. "Elephants are sentient animals:
- they form family relationships, grieve over the death of relatives...It is painful, the thought of killing one of these creatures
- just to make a profit from ivory, but the poverty of Africans
- is just as painful." These heartfelt sentences redeem the myopia
- of At the Hand of Man, but the book does little else to help
- readers understand the ecological tragedy unfolding in Africa.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-